Mold, various molds and tools needed for industrial production. Generally speaking, it is a tool used to make molded articles. This kind of tool is composed of various parts. Under the action of external force, the blank becomes a tool for making parts with specific shape and size. Different molds are made up of different parts. It is mainly through the change of the physical state of the material to achieve the shape of the object processing. It is known as the "mother of industry". Any commodity is made by mould, it can be said that there is no production without mould, which is widely used in the forming process of products in various industries

例如：我们常见的电视机等家用电器、手机、电话机外壳等通讯设备等产品，是把塑料加热软件注进模具冷却成型生产出来的，电饭锅也是由金属平板用模具压成这样的形状。模具具有特定的轮廓或内腔形状，模具是精密工具，形状复杂，承受坯料的胀力，对结构强度、刚度、表面硬度、表面粗糙度和加工精度都有较高要求，模具生产的发展水平是机械制造水平的重要标志之一。

For example, our common products such as TV sets and other household appliances, mobile phones, telephone shell and other communication equipment are produced by injecting plastic heating software into the mold for cooling and forming, and the electric rice cooker is also pressed into this shape by a metal plate with a mold. The die has a specific contour or cavity shape. The mold is a precision tool with complex shape and bears the expansion force of the blank. It has higher requirements for structural strength, stiffness, surface hardness, surface roughness and machining accuracy. The development level of mold production is one of the important signs of mechanical manufacturing level.
               

实体模具制造的成本一般都是很高，大型的模具一套都是十几万几十万万乃几百万，尤其是医疗行业，上百万的模具很常见。如果在安装模具的过程中出现结构的不合理或者其他的问题，这样损失就很大了。所以一般先用手板确认外观、结构和功能，确认没有什么问题后再开模批量生产。

The cost of solid mold manufacturing is generally very high, a large set of mold are more than 100 million or even several million, especially in the medical industry, millions of molds are very common. If there are unreasonable structure or other problems in the process of installing the mold, the loss will be great. Therefore, generally, the appearance, structure and function should be confirmed with the hand board first, and then the mold can be opened for mass production after confirming that there is no problem.

手板，也可以称为样品、样件、样板，有些地方又把它叫做“首板”，即产品的样板，在日本，又叫做“手办”，英文翻译是“rapidprototype”。手板是验证产品可行性的步，是找出设计产品的缺陷、不足、弊端更直接且有效的方式，从而对缺陷进行针对性的改善，直不能从个别手板模型中找出不足，通常还需要进行小批量的试产进而找出批量里的不足加以改善。

In some places, it is also called "first board", that is, the first model of a product. In Japan, it is also called "handmade". The English translation is "rapid prototype". Prototype is the first step to verify the feasibility of the product. It is the most direct and effective way to find out the defects, deficiencies and defects of the designed products, so as to improve the defects pertinently. Until the deficiencies can not be found from the individual prototype model, it is usually necessary to carry out small batch trial production and find out the deficiencies in the batch to improve.

通常一个产品刚研发或设计完成的产品均需要做手板模型，设计完成的产品一般不能做到很，甚无法使用，直接生产一旦有缺陷将全部报废，大大浪费人力和物力和时间。而手板一般情况是少数的样品，制作周期短，损耗人力物力少，很快地找出产品设计的不足进而改善，为产品定型量产提供充足的依据。

Usually, a product that has just been developed or designed needs to be made into a prototype. The finished product can't be perfect or even can't be used. Once there is a defect in direct production, it will be scrapped, which greatly wastes human and material resources and time. However, there are a few samples in general. The production cycle is short, and the loss of manpower and material resources is small. We can quickly find out the shortcomings of product design and improve it, so as to provide sufficient basis for product finalization and mass production.