Fully understanding the principle and characteristics of the rapid prototyping technology of model making is the basic requirement of mastering this skill. So, what are the manufacturing methods of rapid prototyping?

目前采用的快速成型方式可分为以下几种。

At present, the rapid prototyping methods can be divided into the following.

模型制作中快速成型有哪些制作方法？

What are the methods of rapid prototyping in model making?

1、光固化成型——SLA法 快速成型方法之一，是目前RP领域中普遍的制作方式。其原理是利用紫外激光光束使液态光敏树脂逐层固化形成三维实体。通过CAD设计出三维实体模型，利用离散程序将模型进行切片处理，将电脑软件分层处理后的资料由激光光束通过数控装置的扫描器按设计的扫描路径投射到液态光敏树脂表面上，使表面特定区域内的一层树脂固化，生成零件的一个截面：每完成一层后，浸在树脂液中的平台会下降一层，固化层上覆盖另一层液态树脂，在进行二层扫描，新固化的一层牢固地粘接在前一固化层上，如此重复直形成三维实体原型。

1. UV curing, one of the rapid prototyping methods of SLA, is a common manufacturing method in RP field. The principle is that the liquid photosensitive resin is solidified layer by layer by using ultraviolet laser beam to form a three-dimensional solid. The 3D solid model is designed by CAD, and the model is sliced by discrete program. The data processed by computer software is projected onto the surface of liquid photosensitive resin by laser beam through the scanner of numerical control device according to the designed scanning path, so that a layer of resin in the specific area of the surface is solidified, and a section of the part is generated: after each layer is completed, it is immersed in resin liquid After two-layer scanning, the newly solidified layer is firmly bonded to the previous solidified layer, and this is repeated until a three-dimensional solid prototype is formed.

2、粉末烧结成型——SLS法 SLS法与SLA法的成形原理相似，只是将液态光敏树脂换成在激光照射下可烧结成形的各种固态烧结粉末（金属、陶瓷、树脂粉末等）。其基本过程是将CAD软件控制的激光束，投射到覆盖一层烧结粉末的工作面上，按照零件的截面信息对粉末层进行有选择的逐点扫描，受激光照射的粉末层熔化烧结，使粉末颗粒相互黏结而形成制件的实体部分。每完成一层烧结，工作平台下降一层，作业面上重新覆盖一层粉末，再进行另一层的烧结，如此反复进行，逐层形成立体的零件。

2. The principle of SLS is similar to that of SLA, except that the liquid photosensitive resin is replaced by various solid sintered powders (metal, ceramic, resin powder, etc.) which can be sintered under laser irradiation. The basic process is that the laser beam controlled by CAD software is projected onto the working face covered with a layer of sintered powder, and the powder layer is scanned point by point according to the section information of the part. The powder layer irradiated by laser is melted and sintered, so that the powder particles are bonded to form the solid part of the part. Every time a layer of sintering is completed, the working platform is lowered one layer, the working surface is covered with a layer of powder again, and then another layer of sintering is carried out, so as to form three-dimensional parts layer by layer.
             

3、熔积成型——FDM法 该方法使用丝状材料（石蜡、金属、塑料、低熔点合金丝）为原料，利用电加热方式将丝材在喷头中加热略高于融化温度，呈熔融状态。在计算机的控制下，喷头作X-Y平面的扫描运动，将熔融的材料从送料端口喷头射出，涂覆在工作台上，冷却后形成工件的一层截面，一层成形后，喷头上移一层高度，进行下一层涂覆，这样逐层堆积形成三维实体。

3. FDM method: the method uses filamentous materials (paraffin, metal, plastic, low melting point alloy wire) as raw materials, and uses electric heating method to heat the wire in the nozzle to slightly higher than the melting temperature. Under the control of the computer, the nozzle scans the X-Y plane, shoots the molten material from the nozzle at the feeding port, and coats it on the worktable. After cooling, a layer of cross-section of the workpiece is formed. After one layer is formed, the nozzle moves up one layer to coat the next layer. In this way, the three-dimensional solid is formed layer by layer.

4、分层实体成型——LOM法 又称层叠成型法，是以薄片材（如纸片、塑料薄膜或复合材料）为原料，通过薄片材进行层叠与激光切割而形成模型。其原理为激光切割系统按照计算机提取的横截面轮廓数据，将背面涂有热熔胶的片材用激光切割出模型的内外轮廓；切割完一层后，工作台下降一层高度，在刚形成的层面上叠加新的一层片材，利用热粘压装置使之黏合在一起，然后再进行切割，这样一层层地黏合、切割，然后成为三维实体。

4. Layered solid forming LOM method, also known as laminated forming method, is based on thin sheets (such as paper, plastic film or composite materials) as raw materials, which are laminated and laser cut to form a model. The principle is that according to the cross-sectional profile data extracted by computer, the laser cutting system cuts out the inner and outer contour of the model from the sheet coated with hot melt adhesive on the back; after cutting one layer, the worktable descends one layer, and a new layer of sheet is superimposed on the newly formed layer, which is bonded together by the hot pressing device, and then cut, so as to bond layer by layer , cut, and then become a 3D solid.